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Location:
Quaternary Danube Delta (with Razelm preserve, in the north-east, with a surface of 4,340 square km and 447,000 ha, it is the second Delta in Europe according to its surface, it was formed recently-pre-historic age-a former marine gulf transformed into a lochan through clogging) has three branches (Chilia Branch-the most recent branch, situated to the north, is 116 km long, carries 63% of the whole water capacity of the river, Saint George Branch-the oldest branch, is 118 km long, carries 22% of the whole water capacity of the river, Sulina Branch-the shortest: 64 km, it is an inland waterway, carries 15% of the whole water capacity of the river). The total surface of the Danube basin when flowing into the Black Sea is 805,300 square km and its length is 2,860 km. The Danube Delta is divided by these three branches into three big islands, considered preserves: Letea, Saint George, Dranov crossed by secondary branches, canals; the relief is constantly changing because of the alluvia brought by the river, the land advances to the sea. The relief is also represented by the range of Hercynian mountains: the Macinul Mountains (the Pricopanul Mountains-low, ragged, Tutuiatul Peak-467 m) and by Casimcea, Tulcea, Bagdad, Niculitel Plateaus to the north (highly eroded and covered with new deposits)
History:
The danube Delta had an eventful history started 5,000 years ago and mentioned in several documents by Herodot. It was the home for many people starting with the Scythian and Dacian people, who never left this land. It was known during the early history but also during the middle ages because of its accessibility to the sea, becoming between 10th and 15th century the main trade centre for the Greek, Arab, Venice and Genoa merchants.
Touristic sights:
The vegetation is abundant and it can be divided in several cathegories such as: those which can be found floating of the lakes like the white water lilies, but also plants on the surface of the waters or even on land like several species of trees. The most important landmarks are the Letea and Caraorman forests. The former is placed at 7 km from Periprava town (near Chilia branch) and it represents a real monument of nature. Its appearance is similar to the ecuatorial forests, with a variety of plants that and dangerous animals like: snakes and adders. And the latter, the Caraorman forest is located in the west, between Sulina and Saint Gheorghe brances having pretty much the same vegetation as Letea forest.
The birding is diverse, with over than 250 species, with 80 species brought from northern Europe, Asia and Africa. It is a known place for the existance of the Dalmatian and the white pelican, a place visited by red-breasted-geese during the winter, but also the sheld duck, the curlew, the white-tailed eagle and the white egret can be found.
There are 110 fish species the most important being the crap, the sturgeon, the sheat fish and the pike perch.
There are 18 strictly protected areas. Besides trhe above-mentioned ones, there are also Raducu (2.500 ha), Nebunu (115 ha), Rodundu (228 ha), Potcoava (652 ha), Vatafu-Lunguletu (1.625 ha), Caraorman (2.250 ha), Saraturi-Murighiol (87 ha), Erenciuc (50 ha), Belciug (110 ha), Popina (98 ha), Capul Dolosman (125 ha), the banks of Lupilor (2.075 ha) and Chituc (2.300 ha), Istria-Sinoie (400 ha), Rosca - Buhaiova - Letea, landmarks of the area od 12,000 hectares in the Matita depression, in the northern part of the Big M (Sulina arm). The lakes Rosca, Merhei and a combination of ponds, reed marshes, floating islets play host to big colonies of pelicans, egrets, herons, glossy ibises, spoon bills, Sacalin - Zatoane streches south of the Sfantu Gheorghe commune, over some 21,000 hectares lining the litoral. It is a succesion of banks with isolated lakes, marshy areas, river and low salinity waters, sand-clogged ponds, reeds, traversed by parallel dunes. The Zatoane lakes in particularr are places of transit, stopover and hatching for mute swans, whitte, red and yellow herons, cormorants, composite colonies including pelicans, Periteasca - Bisericuta - Gura Portitei extends to the south the above-mentioned reserve by over 4,000 hectares. It distinguishes itself by dry banks washed by the sea or by the Razim lake, fit especially for the existence of shore birds used to salt and for transiting ones.
The touristic attractions in Danube Delta are several: it can be divided into natural landmarks and monuments. There can be seen lots of beautiful lakes such as: Furtuna, Babina, Matita, Gordova, Uzlina, Lumina, Puiu and Rosu and channels like: Sireasa-Sontea, Eracle-Lopatna and Litcov. Agighiol is a village situated at 18km away from Tulcea, it is a known spa and a monumental rezervation, the place where a "princial" grave was found which dated since the 14th century. Babadag, located at 37 km away from Tulcea, on the banks of a lake and at the foot of the forests, called "the father of the mountains", it is the host of a spa. The Ancient Chilia, is a village at 80 km from Tulcea, on the banks of Chilia branch, it is known as the oldest location from the region. In the 15th century it was one of the most important location, with its citadel that was rebuilt entirely by Stephen the Great in 1479. Other places to visit are: Bisericuta, an island in Razim lake; Dranov an important lake and Letea and Caraorman forests.
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